Surprise at Work: An Integrative Review of Engineering Surprises (Not Just Reacting to Them)
Most organizational research treats surprise as something that happens to us—e.g., market disruptions, crises, or unexpected setbacks that require reactive management. But our research reveals a powerful alternative: leaders and professionals who proactively engineer surprises as strategic tools. In other words, this review shows how leaders, peers, and employees can engineer surprises to drive performance and productive change in organizations . Surprise as a Strategic Tool in...